Released: 2015.10.02.
Revision: r4008

grammar rules
list of tests
tests with Makefile
binaries for Arch Linux x86_64
binaries for 32-bit Windows

Welltype Compiler. This program can compile the Welltype source to Welltype Binary (.wtb)
Usage: wtc [OPTION]... FILE
Options:

• --help Print help screen
• -big-endian Write binary in big endian
• -debug-lexer Enable lexer debugging
• -debug-rules Enable rule debugging
• -disable-asserts Disable code generation of assertions
• -disable-postcond Disable code generation of postcondition
• -disable-precond Disable code generation of precondition
• -dump-ast Dump generated AST
• -expect-error Expect error during compilation (swap exit code)
• -gen-import Generate import include from exports
• -impinc-name Set file name of generated import include
• -inline-32 Inline all 32 bit constants
• -inline-64 Inline all 64 bit constants
• -labels-all Add all labels into binary
• -labels-top Add top-level labels into binary
• -little-endian Write binary in little endian
• -o FILE Set output file name
• -shebang Insert the shebang line
• -syntax-only Check syntax only, do not generate output

Welltype Runtime. This program can execute the previously compiled Welltype Binaries.
Usage: wt [OPTION]... FILE
Options:

• -b Add runtime's builtins
• -l FILE Load library from FILE
• -m Print memory status reports
• -M KEY Print metadata value by KEY and exit
• -v Print version information and exit

Read Welltype Binary. This program can print informations about the Welltype Binaries.
Usage: readwtb OPTION... FILE
Options:

• -a Show all information
• -h Show header
• -s Show section headers
• -t Show thread headers
• -m Show metadata
• -b Show byte-order-swap informations
• -c Disassemble code
• -d Show data section
• -I Interpret data section based on its BOS section
• -z Assume zero terminated strings in data sections
• -L List debug labels
• -l Show labels in disassembly
• -i Show imports
• -e Show exports

Type	Range	Operators
i32 / int	-2147483648 .. 2147483647	+, -, *, /, % <<, >>, &, |, ^ <, <=, ==, !=, >=, >
u32 / uint	0 .. 4294967295	+, -, *, /, % <<, >>, &, |, ^ <, <=, ==, !=, >=, >
i64 / long	-9223372036854775808 .. 9223372036854775807	+, -, *, /, % <<, >>, &, |, ^ <, <=, ==, !=, >=, >
u64 / ulong	0 .. 18446744073709551615	+, -, *, /, % <<, >>, &, |, ^ <, <=, ==, !=, >=, >
f32 / float	3.4e-38 .. 3.4e38 can be negative	+, -, *, /, % <, <=, ==, !=, >=, >
f64 / double	1.7e-308 .. 1.7e308 can be negative	+, -, *, /, % <, <=, ==, !=, >=, >
bool	false, true	&&, ||, ^ <, <=, ==, !=, >=, > ! &&&, ||| (lazy evaluated, can not be overloaded)
string	standard C string	+ <, <=, ==, !=, >=, >
char	standard C character	+, - <, <=, ==, !=, >=, >
handle	none	==, !=
file	none	none
dir	none	none
seq<T>	T is a type	none

The type pairs in the table above (i.e. i32 / int) means the types are equivalents. These are only alternate names, and they handled by the lexical analyzer.

Keyword	Example	Description
mutable	..., mutable string s, ...	Can only be used in function argument. Tells the compiler the content of the passed object can be altered. Note that, the object itself can not be replaced.

Name	Signature	Description
write	(string) [impure]	Write string to the standard output.
read	() : string [impure]	Read a line from the standard input.
read	(char delim) : string [impure]	Read a delim terminated string from the standard input.
ror	(T, T) : T	Rotate right. T can be: i32, u32, i64, u64.
sqrt	(T) : T	Calculate square root of number (optimized algorithm for integers). T can be: i32, u32, i64, u64, f32, f64.
log	(T) : T	Calculate e-based logarithm. T can be: f32, f64.
exp	(T) : T	Calculate e-based exponentional. T can be: f32, f64.
pow	(T a, T b) : f64	Calculate a^b. T can be: f32, f64.
sin	(T) : T	Calculate the sine (in radian). T can be: f32, f64.
cos	(T) : T	Calculate the cosine (in radian). T can be: f32, f64.
tan	(T) : T	Calculate the tangent (in radian). T can be: f32, f64.
asin	(T) : T	Calculate the arcsine (in radian). T can be: f32, f64.
acos	(T) : T	Calculate the arccosine (in radian). T can be: f32, f64.
atan	(T) : T	Calculate the arctangent (in radian). T can be: f32, f64.
atan2	(T y, T x) : T	Calculate the arctangent of y/x (in radian). T can be: f32, f64.
strcmp	(string a, string b) : i32	Compare strings (case sensitive). Return <0 if a<b; 0 if a==b; >0 if a>b.
stricmp	(string a, string b) : i32	Compare strings (case insensitive). Return <0 if a<b; 0 if a==b; >0 if a>b.
streq	(string a, string b) : bool	Same as strcmp(a, b)==0
strieq	(string a, string b) : bool	Same as stricmp(a, b)==0
strne	(string a, string b) : bool	Same as strcmp(a, b)!=0
strine	(string a, string b) : bool	Same as stricmp(a, b)!=0
strcat	(string, string) : string	Concatenate the two strings.
trim	(string) : string	Trim the white spaces from the beginning and from the end of a string.
trim	(string, string) : string	Trim the characters in the second string from the beginning and from the end of first string.
strrev	(string) : string	Return the argument in reverse.
substr	(string str, u32 offs, u32 count) : string	Return the part of the string.
strlen	(string) : u32	Return the length of the string.
strlower	(string) : string	Return the string in lowercase.
strupper	(string) : string	Return the string in uppercase.
chartostring	(char) : string	Convert a single character to string.
getstrchar	(string s, u32 i) : char	Same as s[i]
setstrchar	(string s, u32 i, char ch) : string	Return the string, but i-th character is replaced with ch.
charcmp	(char a, char b) : i32	Compare two characters (case sensitive). Return <0 if a<b; 0 if a==b; >0 if a>b.
charadd	(char, char) : i32	Add two characters, resulting an other character.
charsub	(char, char) : i32	Subtract two characters, resulting an other character.
charinc	(char ch, i32 i) : char	Calculate ch+i.
chardiff	(char, char) : i32	Return the difference between the ASCII codes of the characters.
tolower	(char) : char	Return the lowercase version of ASCII characters.
toupper	(char) : char	Return the uppercase version of ASCII characters.
tos	(T) : string	Convert to string. T can be: string, char, bool, i32, u32, i64, u64, f32, f64.
tobool	(string) : bool	Convert string to boolean. (true, on, 1, yes)
toi32	(T) : i32	Convert to i32. May raise ConstraintErrorException. T can be: i32, u32, i64, u64, f32, f64.
tou32	(T) : u32	Convert to u32. May raise ConstraintErrorException. T can be: i32, u32, i64, u64, f32, f64.
toi64	(T) : i64	Convert to i64. May raise ConstraintErrorException. T can be: i32, u32, i64, u64, f32, f64.
tou64	(T) : u64	Convert to u64. May raise ConstraintErrorException. T can be: i32, u32, i64, u64, f32, f64.
tof32	(T) : f32	Convert to f32. May raise ConstraintErrorException. T can be: i32, u32, i64, u64, f32, f64.
tof64	(T) : f64	Convert to f64. May raise ConstraintErrorException. T can be: i32, u32, i64, u64, f32, f64.
nullhandle	() : handle	Return the null handle.
seqlen	(seq<T>) : u32	Return the number of elements in the sequence.
loext	(seq<T>, T) : seq<T>	Append an element to the low end.
hiext	(seq<T>, T) : seq<T>	Append an element to the high end.
lorem	(seq<T>) : seq<T>	Remove an element from the low end.
hirem	(seq<T>) : seq<T>	Remove an element from the high end.
lov	(seq<T>) : T	Return the element at the low end.
hiv	(seq<T>) : T	Return the element at the high end.
lopop	(seq<T>) : seq<T>, T	Remove and return the element at the low end.
hipop	(seq<T>) : seq<T>, T	Remove and return the element at the high end.
seqfill	(T elem, u32 count) : seq<T>	Create a new sequence filled with the specified number of the specified element.
subseq	(seq<T> s, u32 offs, u32 count) : seq<T>	Return the part of the sequence.
fopen	(string, char) : file [impure]	Open a file ('r': read, 'w': write, 'a': append).
fclose	(file) [impure]	Close a previously opened file.
feof	(file) : bool [impure]	Check whether the file is at end of the file.
freadchar	(file) : char [impure]	Read a character from the file.
freadbool	(file) : bool [impure]	Read a boolean from the file.
freadstr	(file) : string [impure]	Read a zero-terminated string from the file.
freadln	(file) : string [impure]	Read a line from the file.
freadi32	(file) : i32 [impure]	Read an i32 from the file.
freadu32	(file) : u32 [impure]	Read an u32 from the file.
freadi64	(file) : i64 [impure]	Read an i64 from the file.
freadu64	(file) : u64 [impure]	Read an u64 from the file.
freadf32	(file) : f32 [impure]	Read an f32 from the file.
freadf64	(file) : f64 [impure]	Read an f64 from the file.
fwriteln	(file, string) [impure]	Write a line into the file.
fwrite	(file, string) [impure]	Write a zero-terminate string into the file.
fwrite	(file, T) [impure]	Write a T into the file.
opendir	(string) : dir [impure]	Open a directory iterator for the specified directory.
closedir	(dir) [impure]	Close the directory iterator.
readdir	(dir) : bool [impure]	Read the next directory entry. Return false when the iteration is over.
dirgetname	(dir) : string [impure]	Return the name of the current entry.
dirgetmtime	(dir) : u32, u32, u32, u32, u32, u32 [impure]	Return the last modification date of the current entry (year, month, day, hour, minutes, seconds).
dirgetsize	(dir) : u64 [impure]	Return the size of the current entry (0ul for directories).
dirgettype	(dir) : char [impure]	Return the type of the current entry ('D' for directories, 'F' for files).
islittleendian	() : bool	Return a boolean which indicates whether the current system is little endian.
isbigendian	() : bool	Return a boolean which indicates whether the current system is big endian.
ltob	(T) : T	Convert a value from little endian to big endian. T can be: i32, u32, i64, u64, f32, f64.
btol	(T) : T	Convert a value from big endian to little endian. T can be: i32, u32, i64, u64, f32, f64.
ltoh	(T) : T	Convert a value from little endian to host byte order. T can be: i32, u32, i64, u64, f32, f64.
htol	(T) : T	Convert a value from host byte order to little endian. T can be: i32, u32, i64, u64, f32, f64.
btoh	(T) : T	Convert a value from big endian to host byte order. T can be: i32, u32, i64, u64, f32, f64.
htob	(T) : T	Convert a value from host byte order to big endian. T can be: i32, u32, i64, u64, f32, f64.

All functions are pure functions, unless impure is specified.

Name	Signature	Description
version	() : u32	Returns the version of the Welltype environment. Value: 0x913 (hexadecimal)